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 Language Learning Forum : Language Learning Log |  | |
| Sprachprofi Nonaglot Senior Member Germany learnlangs.comRegistered users can see my Skype Name Joined 6468 days ago 2608 posts - 4866 votes  Speaks: German*, English, French, Esperanto, Greek, Mandarin, Latin, Dutch, Italian Studies: Spanish, Arabic (Written), Swahili, Indonesian, Japanese, Modern Hebrew, Portuguese | Message 33 of 72 06 July 2007 at 1:06am | IP Logged | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Affixes have to follow an order that makes sense. There are no grammatical rules to it but only semantic ones.
Here's an example: "arb-ar-et-o" means "small forest", literally: "small group of trees" "arb-et-ar-o" means "forest of small trees", literally "group of small trees". So when translating to English, the meanings take the opposite order from the Esperanto one, going from the last affix to the first. In the case of "uleto" and "etulo" the meaning stays the same. In the case of "kantuleto" and "kantetulo" the meaning wouldn't be the same - can you translate? The German e-mail Esperanto course is great for practising affixes and understanding the nuances of meaning. I will post some affix exercises in the Practical Learning forum shortly, since I believe they are of interest to every Esperanto learner. 1 person has voted this message useful | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Volte Tetraglot Senior Member Switzerland Joined 6437 days ago 4474 posts - 6726 votes Speaks: English*, Esperanto, German, Italian Studies: French, Finnish, Mandarin, Japanese | Message 34 of 72 06 July 2007 at 5:29pm | IP Logged | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Dankegon, Sprachprofi. I'll try your exercises as soon as I wake up; I'm currently pretty exhausted.
Today's log: Mixed. In terms of my 20 mins/day of active -study- per language, I made it, but again, doing a minimum - too many long days recently. At least I should be extremely well prepared to actively do the lessons that I've been repeating passively for the last couple of days. Outside of that: I listened to about 40 minutes of Esperanto music, and read a few more pages of the Asian section of "An Introduction to the Languages of the World". I also sat around with groups of Italian speakers for about 3 hours talking (I understood most things, though I miss most cultural references still, and when someone says something in an extremely quick and blurred way, or which uses slang I don't know, I still miss the meaning). I definitely need to improve my accent though - with the second group of Italian speakers, there were two people who didn't know me, and one said explicitly that she didn't think I understood what they were saying, after I'd already participated a bit in the conversation (the ones I know insisted, correctly, that I did). I also stopped by a second-hand bookstore, and picked up some Ticinese literature. It looks like it will be a bit of a challenge to read; there are quite a few words I don't know in it, which I suspect are regional. I may use a dictionary a bit more heavily, or try to find some etymologies; then again, I may just read in my usual manner, without doing so. Time will tell. 1 person has voted this message useful | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Volte Tetraglot Senior Member Switzerland Joined 6437 days ago 4474 posts - 6726 votes Speaks: English*, Esperanto, German, Italian Studies: French, Finnish, Mandarin, Japanese | Message 35 of 72 07 July 2007 at 2:06pm | IP Logged | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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To avoid spoilers (or causing confusion, given the amount of difficulty I've had with this exercise!) in reply to Sprachprofi's great post on affixes, I've put my replies here.
My knowledge of the participles is appallingly bad; I've heard of them, but never really studied them in a serious way. TRANSLATION FROM ESPERANTO TO ENGLISH poŝtaĵo, => 'post' made concrete => a piece of mail. enamiĝi (en-am-iĝ-i), => To become friends? I'm a little confused by the role of 'en' in this word. vorteto, => a little word elaŭtiĝi (el-aŭt-iĝ-i), => Getting out of a car after having driven/ridden in it? [I'm fuzzy on aŭti - what does the verb 'to car' - to travel by car, or something else?, and hence, I'm fuzzy on aŭt-iĝ-i]. bofilino => step-daughter mallaŭtiĝi => to become quiet [or is it 'to stop becoming loud'?] plimultiĝi => To become more, having already been many/much. malpli => less ĉiama => ĉi-ama => an adjective with the property of lovingness here ĉiam-a => at all times (in the form of an adjective) sunleviĝo => sunrise pendigita => to cause something to have been hung krome => besides hundaĉo => bad[-quality] dog; cur kuracilo => a tool for running. (How important is the 'ac' in this? It took a while to hunt up ac at all, and the explanation I found at donh's site suggests that it's minor?) estrino => female leader plilarĝigebla => larĝigebla seems to mean "to cause something to become able to be larger"; hence, plilarĝigebla should mean "to cause something to be able to become even more large (that it otherwise would be able to become). retrankviliĝinte => cause to become tranquil again as an adverb; pacify? (Could this also mean 'agitate', using re- with the 'inverse direction' meaning?) TRANSLATION FROM ENGLISH TO ESPERANTO (use the word stem in brackets) handout (inform-) => informaĵo. sender (send-) => sendigo. puppy (hund-) => hundido. participant (partopren-) => partoprenaĵo? to get dressed (vest-) => vesti? vestiĝi? order sheet (mend-) => mendilo? various words based on what kind of order sheet it is, such as folimendilo for a paper one? to have fun (amuz-) => amuzi questionnaire (demand-) => demandaro? re-opening (ferm-) remalfermanta? misunderstanding (kompren-) malkomprenanta?? opponents (kontraŭ-) kontraŭulo. correction (ĝust-) ĝustigo? grateful (dank-) => dankuja?? to be reborn (nask-) => renaskiĝi readable / worth reading (leg-) => legebla cake crumbs (kuk-) => kukeroj (I found the -er- prefix after my first attempt, kukpecetaroj, a collection of small pieces of cake). purse (mon-) => monujo. to gossip (parol-) => fiparoli? malparolindi? 1 person has voted this message useful | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Volte Tetraglot Senior Member Switzerland Joined 6437 days ago 4474 posts - 6726 votes Speaks: English*, Esperanto, German, Italian Studies: French, Finnish, Mandarin, Japanese | Message 36 of 72 07 July 2007 at 5:48pm | IP Logged | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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A quiet day. I tried the affixes exercise, and 20 minutes/language. I'm looking forward to exams being over.
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| Sprachprofi Nonaglot Senior Member Germany learnlangs.comRegistered users can see my Skype Name Joined 6468 days ago 2608 posts - 4866 votes Speaks: German*, English, French, Esperanto, Greek, Mandarin, Latin, Dutch, Italian Studies: Spanish, Arabic (Written), Swahili, Indonesian, Japanese, Modern Hebrew, Portuguese | Message 37 of 72 08 July 2007 at 5:38am | IP Logged | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Ok, here are the corrections...
First one is correct. Second one: start at the end of the word. "igx" can be translated as "become". "amo" is "love" and "en" is "in", so the whole would be literally "become in love". In good English, you'd probably say "fall in love".
Both correct. The part "-auxt-" simply refers to "auxto". You can mix words of different types: nouns, adjectives, verbs... just take the semantic meaning of them.
Both right. I'd say "mallauxtigxi" as in "become more quiet" as when you turn down the stereo. The act of turning it down would be "mallauxtigi".
Right. For "cxiama" I would never have thought of that first interpretation.
simply "hung". "pendigitaj vestajxoj" -> "hung clothes (on a clothesline)"
"kuraci" is the verb. It means "to heal". So "kuracilo" would be a tool for healing, e. g. medicine.
"enlargeable"
"after becoming tranquil again" (e. g. "..., he spoke more softly")".
or "informilo"
"Sendanto", or "sendulo" if you want. "sendigo" would mean "to make send" and I believe it would be incorrect since "to send" is already transitive.
hundido is correct. "partoprenajxo" would mean "participatory thing". The most common translation of "participant" is "partoprenanto".
vestigxi
"mendilo" is what I was looking for. "papermendilo" is a paper order sheet. "folio" is a leaf or a slide.
amuzigxi
Right.
"remalfermanta" is the adjective, as in "re-opening restaurant". I was looking for the noun "remalfermo".
malkompreno or miskompreno
right, but plural: kontrauxuloj
yes :-)
dankema. -uj- is used for a container, e. g. "keksujo"(jar of cookies). -em- is used for an inclination to do something, e. g. "dormema"(sleepy).
renaskigxi is perfect. "readable" in the sense of handwriting that can be deciphered is indeed "legebla". I was thinking of "leginda" though, which means e. g. a book that's so good that it's worth reading. In German "lesenswert" but LEO only gave me "readable" as translation...
kukeroj and monujo and fiparoli are correct. I think you're getting the hang of Esperanto affixes now. "malparolindi" is not correct though, it would mean "be worth of untalking". Esperanto affixes offer new worlds of expressing yourself. You should give preference to learning these than to learning more vocabulary, once you have mastered the list at http://www.lujz.org/komencanto/listo.k.php or something similar, because fact is a lot of Esperanto speakers don't know many more word stems either, they just use the word stems they know to the max. 1 person has voted this message useful | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Volte Tetraglot Senior Member Switzerland Joined 6437 days ago 4474 posts - 6726 votes Speaks: English*, Esperanto, German, Italian Studies: French, Finnish, Mandarin, Japanese | Message 38 of 72 08 July 2007 at 5:26pm | IP Logged | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Sprachprofi: thank you very much for the corrections. I understand that you can use any word stem, but I'm having trouble still imagining what 'auxti' means - what is 'to car'?
Do you have any tips on how to effectively study the affixes, participles, and the words on http://www.lujz.org/komencanto/listo.k.php that I don't know? How did you do these things? Today's log: 20 mins/language; I'm still keeping it minimal. Last exam on the 9th. 1 person has voted this message useful | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Lumulo Triglot Newbie CanadaRegistered users can see my Skype Name Joined 6352 days ago 27 posts - 32 votes Speaks: English*, Esperanto, Italian Studies: Mandarin | Message 39 of 72 09 July 2007 at 7:40am | IP Logged | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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"Auxti" is basically 'to travel by car', the same way we say 'to bicycle' in English (which, incidentally, one also says in Esperanto "bicikli"). You can do the same to any mode of transportation- "trajni" (to go by train), "busi" (to go by bus), "piediri" (to go on foot), and recently in Montreal I even heard "metroi" in use, which would be to go by the metro (metroo) system.
Benjameno 1 person has voted this message useful | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| reineke Senior Member United States https://learnalangua Joined 6445 days ago 851 posts - 1008 votes Studies: German | Message 40 of 72 09 July 2007 at 12:11pm | IP Logged | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Free Esperanto ebooks:
http://esperantujo.org/eLibrejo/ 1 person has voted this message useful |
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