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What Persian shares | ||
Tags: Farsi/Persian | ||
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 Language Learning Forum : Philological Room |  | |
| Alijsh Tetraglot Senior Member Iran jahanshiri.ir/ Joined 6622 days ago 149 posts - 167 votes  1 sounds Speaks: Persian*, Spanish, French, English Studies: German, Italian | Message 1 of 27 09 October 2006 at 1:14am | IP Logged | ||
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(En: English, Fr: French, Es: Spanish, It: Italian, Ru: Russian, De: German)
Noun No grammatical gender: En No inflection: En, Fr, Es, It etc. BUT not De, Ru No in/definite article: Ru Certain ending for making plural: En, Es Adjective Uniform (no feminine, masc., neuter and their plural forms): En Comes after noun: Fr, Es No inflection: En, Fr, Es, It etc. BUT not De, Ru One demonstrative adjective for all genders: En (this) * One possessive adjective for all genders (no his/her): ? Case Accusative (but indicated by a marker instead of declension): De, Ru genitive (expressed by ending -e instead of declension): De, Ru, partially in En Verb Personal pronoun drops because the conjugated verb tells to whom it refers: Es, It Continuous tenses: En, etc. BUT not Fr, De, etc. Imperfect past: Fr, Es, It BUT not En, De, etc. Subjunctive tenses: Fr, Es, It, De BUT not En, etc. Infinitive has a certain ending: De, and can be also considered: Fr, Es, It, etc. BUT not En, etc. Overall regularity: En (in En you should know two irregular things: past form and past participle whereas in Persian it's only present stem) Pronoun in/formal 2nd personal pronouns: Fr (tu-vous), Es, It, De etc. BUT not En * Gender-free: one personal pronoun for all genders (no he/she): ? One demonstrative pronoun for all genders: En * Gender-free: one objective pronoun for all genders (no him/her): ? == Last updated: 2006-10-20 == Edited by Alijsh on 21 October 2006 at 12:40am 5 persons have voted this message useful | |||
| AML Senior Member United States Joined 6825 days ago 323 posts - 426 votes 2 sounds Speaks: English* Studies: Modern Hebrew, German, Spanish | Message 2 of 27 09 October 2006 at 1:41am | IP Logged | ||
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I find the most difficult thing about Persian grammar is the SOV word order.
On top of that, most words are completely unfamiliar to a westerner. Nevertheless, it's a beautiful language that is not as scary as it looks. I like it very much. edit: out of curiosity, why do you refer to German here as 'De' (Deutsch), even though you don't like Persian to be called Farsi when speaking English? Same for Spanish (Es). That would be like abbreviating Persian as 'Fa'. Rather inconsistent. Edited by AML on 25 October 2006 at 2:20am 1 person has voted this message useful | |||
| patuco Diglot Moderator Gibraltar Joined 7015 days ago 3795 posts - 4268 votes Speaks: Spanish, English* Personal Language Map | Message 3 of 27 09 October 2006 at 6:16am | IP Logged | ||
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The way Alijsh has laid it out, it sounds like an extremely easy language to learn. I might give it go soon, especially since the script shouldn't be a problem after learning Arabic.
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| Alijsh Tetraglot Senior Member Iran jahanshiri.ir/ Joined 6622 days ago 149 posts - 167 votes 1 sounds Speaks: Persian*, Spanish, French, English Studies: German, Italian | Message 4 of 27 09 October 2006 at 9:21am | IP Logged | ||
You're right. There are only four letters that are not found in Arabic. It's because Arabic doesn't have g, p, ch and zh (as s in treasure, j in French) sounds. Edited by Alijsh on 09 October 2006 at 9:22am 1 person has voted this message useful | |||
| Topsiderunner Diglot Senior Member United States Joined 6918 days ago 215 posts - 218 votes Speaks: English*, French Studies: Italian, Arabic (Written) | Message 5 of 27 09 October 2006 at 6:09pm | IP Logged | ||
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I am curious as to what extent Persian overlaps with other languages in
terms of vocabulary, grammar etc (Urdu, Hindi, Arabic, Hebrew,...) 1 person has voted this message useful | |||
| Alijsh Tetraglot Senior Member Iran jahanshiri.ir/ Joined 6622 days ago 149 posts - 167 votes 1 sounds Speaks: Persian*, Spanish, French, English Studies: German, Italian | Message 6 of 27 09 October 2006 at 10:09pm | IP Logged | ||
Persian has no grammatical relationship with Semitic languages like Arabic and Hebrew. But we have exchanged lots of loanwords. Concerning Urdu and Hindi, I can't speak about grammar but regarding vocabulary, 70-80% of words in Urdu are Persian. In Hindi we have also many Persian words because Persian has been the official language of India up to 150 years ago (in fact, prior to coming of Britain into India). Even Hindi is a Persian word. In terms of grammar, I find Romance languages, and French in particular, the closest to Persian. Especially, in verb category. We have also imperfect and subjunctive tenses. However, Persian has accusative case that's not found in these languages. The accusative is expressed with a marker coming after noun phrase. So we don't have declension as in German, Russian etc. Besides, we don't have any gender just like English. The grmmar of Persian is very regular and in some aspects, it might sound more logical to some people: For example, in Persian the noun doesn't come in plural when the plurality is already clear i.e. we say three book because three already refers plurality. or we say this books because books is plural and there's no need to have these. So in Persian we have two demonstrative adj.: in (this, these) and ân (that, those). By the way, in Persian, just like English, we have a certain ending for making plural. it's s in English and hâ in Persian e.g. doors vs. darhâ concerning demonstrative pronouns, they have plural forms: in (this), inhâ (these), ân (that), ânhâ (those) Edited by Alijsh on 10 October 2006 at 4:19am 5 persons have voted this message useful | |||
| Topsiderunner Diglot Senior Member United States Joined 6918 days ago 215 posts - 218 votes Speaks: English*, French Studies: Italian, Arabic (Written) | Message 7 of 27 10 October 2006 at 3:42pm | IP Logged | ||
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Thank you for the detailed reply; you certainly make Persian an attractive language to learn with its grammatical simplicity and regularity. I know this is the completely wrong thread to ask this in, but since you do live in Iran, how widely is Persian spoken in Iran, Afghanistan, Tajikistan, Iraq, etc?
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| Alijsh Tetraglot Senior Member Iran jahanshiri.ir/ Joined 6622 days ago 149 posts - 167 votes 1 sounds Speaks: Persian*, Spanish, French, English Studies: German, Italian | Message 8 of 27 10 October 2006 at 10:19pm | IP Logged | ||
You're welcome! At [Specific Languages : Persian (Farsi) overview] I wrote a few lines about it yesterday: The population of Iran is now some 75,000,000 from which only one million of them might don't know the language well or not at all. One million is too much and the highest maximum. Just count and see how much is one million to understand me. In general, the children are natively grown up bilingual. That is, for example, an Azeri family speaks in Persian with their children from birth as well as in Turkish. This way, they speak both languages without any accent and as perfectly as a native. This also applies to Armenians and other ethnic groups. Persian is official language in Afghanistan and Tajikistan and is also spoken in Pakistan, India, Iraq, Bahrain etc. The written Persian has no specific difference in any of these countries. That is, a novel, poem, etc. which is written in Afghanistan or Tajikistan can be read and understood by any Iranian and vice versa. The differences are limited to spoken form. *** In some aspects, Persian is relatively easier e.g. in English we have in, on, at as prepositions of time (in the morning vs. at night) whereas we have only one in Persian: dar. Edited by Alijsh on 20 October 2006 at 1:01am 1 person has voted this message useful |
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