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The Four Strands: A well-rounded summary | ||
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 Language Learning Forum : Philological Room |  | |
| Hashimi Senior Member Oman Joined 6259 days ago 362 posts - 529 votes  Speaks: Arabic (Written)* Studies: English, Japanese | Message 1 of 1 18 December 2011 at 10:40am | IP Logged |
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An accessible paper written by Paul Nation, a well-known linguist, on principles of language learning. Very useful for its well-rounded summary of different elements that are important for learners, based on actual research on what works: The Four Strands - 10 pages only Abstract: The activities in a language course can be classified into the four strands of meaning- focused input, meaning-focused output, language-focused learning and fluency development. In a well designed course there should be an even balance of these strands with roughly equal amounts of time given to each strand. The research evidence for the strands draws on the input hypothesis and learning from extensive reading, the output hypothesis, research on form-focused instruction, and the development of speaking and reading fluency. The paper concludes with 10 principles based largely on the four strands. The strands framework and the principles provide a basis for managing innovation in language courses. Edited by Hashimi on 18 December 2011 at 10:45am 1 person has voted this message useful |
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