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Correct Russian phonetics? | ||
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 Language Learning Forum : Questions About Your Target Languages |  | |
| QiuJP Triglot Senior Member Singapore Joined 5860 days ago 428 posts - 597 votes  Speaks: Mandarin*, EnglishC2, French Studies: Czech, GermanB1, Russian, Japanese | Message 1 of 17 06 May 2014 at 3:46pm | IP Logged | ||||||||
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After my trip in Russia in March, I realized that I have difficulties in identifying the words used in spoken Russian language, even though I know them in their written form. Furthermore, when I tried to pronounce words in my speech, many Russians seemed to have difficulties understanding me. I had to repeat several times, sometimes even had to write down what I intended to say. So the moment I got home, I tried to find out the problems causing miscommunication in Russian. I had read many methods and listen to various tapes, television, videos and radio. To my dismay, there are a lot of differences between some of the explanations in courses and the way on how words are actually pronounced in Russian on some other course audios and native sources! I have committed the wrong pronunciation to memory, especially on the part of reduced vowels.
I have listed the phonetics of Russian with IPA and examples if necessary to demonstrate my understanding. Please do point out whether the following information in the next few posts are correct. 2 persons have voted this message useful | |||||||||
| QiuJP Triglot Senior Member Singapore Joined 5860 days ago 428 posts - 597 votes Speaks: Mandarin*, EnglishC2, French Studies: Czech, GermanB1, Russian, Japanese | Message 2 of 17 06 May 2014 at 3:47pm | IP Logged | ||||||||
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Consonants:
Б -> b or p at end of words or before another voiceless consonant (hard); b ʲ or p ʲ at end of words or before another voiceless consonant (soft) В -> v or f at end of words or before another voiceless consonant (hard), v ʲ or f ʲ at end of words or before another voiceless consonant (soft) Г -> g or k at end of words or before another voiceless consonant, in some words (e.g. легко) x (hard), g ʲ or k ʲ at end of words or before another voiceless consonant (soft) Д-> d or t at end of words or before another voiceless consonant (hard), d ʲ or t ʲ at end of words or before another voiceless consonant (soft) Ж-> ʒ or ʃ at end of words or before another voiceless consonant, always hard З-> z or s at end of words or before another voiceless consonant (hard), z ʲ or s ʲ at end of words or before another voiceless consonant (soft) Й -> j, always soft К-> k or g before another voiced consonant (hard), k ʲ or g ʲ before another voiced consonant (soft) Л-> l (hard), l ʲ (soft), voiced М-> m (hard), m ʲ (soft), voiced Н-> n (hard), n ʲ (soft), voiced П-> p or b before another voiced consonant (hard), p ʲ or b ʲ before another voiced consonant (soft) Р-> r (hard), r ʲ (soft), voiced С-> s or z before another voiced consonant (hard), s ʲ or z ʲ before another voiced consonant (soft) Т-> t or d before another voiced consonant (hard), t ʲ or d ʲ before another voiced consonant (soft) Ф-> f or v before another voiced consonant (hard), f ʲ or v ʲ before another voiced consonant (soft) Х-> x (hard), x ʲ (soft), voiceless Ц-> ts always hard, voiceless Ч -> tʃ ʲ always soft, voiceless Ш-> ʃ always hard, voiceless Щ -> ʃ ʲʃ ʲ always soft, voiceless 1 person has voted this message useful | |||||||||
| QiuJP Triglot Senior Member Singapore Joined 5860 days ago 428 posts - 597 votes Speaks: Mandarin*, EnglishC2, French Studies: Czech, GermanB1, Russian, Japanese | Message 3 of 17 06 May 2014 at 3:48pm | IP Logged | ||||||||
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Vowels:
А-> a when stressed, ʌ in unstressed position immediately before the stressed syllable or at first unstressed position without consonant, ə any other unstressed position, consonants before it is hard Е -> e when stressed after a soft consonant, je when stressed after ь, ъ, initial position without vowel or after another vowel, i when unstressed after a consonant, ji when un stressed after ь, ъ, initial position without vowel or after another vowel, ɨ when unstressed after consonants ж, ц, ш. Ё -> o after a soft consonant, jo after ь, ъ, initial position without vowel or after another vowel, always stressed И -> i after a soft consonant, ji after ь, ъ, initial position without vowel or after another vowel, both stressed and unstressed О -> o when stressed, ʌ in unstressed position immediately before the stressed syllable or at first unstressed position without consonant, ə any other unstressed position, consonants before it is hard У -> u, both stressed and unstressed position , consonants before it is hard Ы -> ɨ , both stressed and unstressed position, consonants before it is hard Э -> e when stressed, ɨ when unstressed, consonants before it is hard Ю -> u after a soft consonant, ju after ь, ъ, initial position without vowel or after another vowel, both stressed and unstressed Я -> a/æ when stressed after a soft consonant, ja/jæ when stressed after ь, ъ, initial position without vowel or after another vowel, i when unstressed after a consonant before stressed syllable, ji when un stressed after ь, ъ, initial position without vowel or after another vowel before stressed syllable, ə when unstressed after a consonant after stressed syllable, jə when unstressed after ь, ъ, initial position without vowel or after another vowel after stressed syllable. 1 person has voted this message useful | |||||||||
| QiuJP Triglot Senior Member Singapore Joined 5860 days ago 428 posts - 597 votes Speaks: Mandarin*, EnglishC2, French Studies: Czech, GermanB1, Russian, Japanese | Message 4 of 17 06 May 2014 at 3:50pm | IP Logged | ||||||||
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Problematic vowel combinations (vowels next to each other)[the sounds indicated are the word ending or conjugated endings):
Молодой, Молодая, Молодое, Молодые -> oj, ajə, oji, ɨji (oji sounds like oj, ɨji sounds like ɨː in fast speech?) Хороший, Хорошая, Хорошее, Хорошие -> ɨj, əjə, ɨji, ɨji (ɨji sounds like ɨj in fast speech?) Умный, Умная, Умное, Умные -> ɨj, əjə, əji, ɨji (əji sounds like əj or əə, ɨji sounds like ɨj in fast speech?) Большой, Большая, Большое, Большие -> oj, ajə, oji, ɨji (oji sounds like oj, ɨji sounds like ɨː in fast speech?) Работаю, Работаешь, Работает, Работаем, Работаете, Работают -> əju, əji, əji, əji, əji, əju Читаю, Читаешь, Читает, Читаем, Читаете, Читают -> aju, aji, aji, aji, aji, aju Строю, Строишь, Строит, Строим, Строите, Строят -> oju, oji, oji, oji, oji, ojə Суеверный –> uji or uj? Edited by QiuJP on 06 May 2014 at 3:51pm 1 person has voted this message useful | |||||||||
| tarvos Super Polyglot Winner TAC 2012 Senior Member China likeapolyglot.wordpr Joined 4712 days ago 5310 posts - 9399 votes Speaks: Dutch*, English, Swedish, French, Russian, German, Italian, Norwegian, Mandarin, Romanian, Afrikaans Studies: Greek, Modern Hebrew, Spanish, Portuguese, Czech, Korean, Esperanto, Finnish | Message 5 of 17 07 May 2014 at 8:53am | IP Logged | ||||||||
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Your rendering of many of the consonants is incorrect. Consonants assimilate, that is
to say, that if d stands in front of k, it becomes t (or if t in front of g, then it becomes d). The last two are definitely wrong. Ш is retroflex. Щ is another sound (I don't have IPA here, wait till Mark comes in). Furthermore, t,d,n,l are dental consonants, not alveolar in Russian. They do not get aspired. As for the soft/hard distinction... a consonant plus a soft vowel means palatalisation, add in a soft sign and it is iotation (a tricky distinction and one I have trouble pronouncing). How strongly and to what extent the vowels are reduced depends on the speaker (and on the clarity of speech). Many Southern Russians and Ukrainians pronounce the /g/ as a fricative, not a stop (and for me that actually makes more sense). Edited by tarvos on 07 May 2014 at 8:58am 1 person has voted this message useful | |||||||||
| Марк Senior Member Russian Federation Joined 5061 days ago 2096 posts - 2972 votes Speaks: Russian* | Message 6 of 17 07 May 2014 at 9:58am | IP Logged | ||||||||
Where did QUIP write the opposite?
That's what QUIP wrote.
You pronounce both gs in a random way. 2 persons have voted this message useful | |||||||||
| tastyonions Triglot Senior Member United States goo.gl/UIdChYRegistered users can see my Skype Name Joined 4670 days ago 1044 posts - 1823 votes Speaks: English*, French, Spanish Studies: Italian | Message 7 of 17 07 May 2014 at 11:31am | IP Logged | ||||||||
Haha! Always heartwarming to read a Марк / tarvos exchange. 4 persons have voted this message useful | |||||||||
| QiuJP Triglot Senior Member Singapore Joined 5860 days ago 428 posts - 597 votes Speaks: Mandarin*, EnglishC2, French Studies: Czech, GermanB1, Russian, Japanese | Message 8 of 17 07 May 2014 at 4:42pm | IP Logged | ||||||||
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I think there are some confusion to what I had posted here, as I typed the post in Microsoft Word and the original formatting is gone during the transfer to HTLAL. My original (sample) of what I had typed is like this
Consonants: Б -> b ; ; hard p at end of words or before another voiceless consonant hard bʲ &nb sp; &nb sp; &nb sp; &nb sp; &nb sp; &nb sp; soft pʲ at end of words or before another voiceless consonant soft Vowels: А-> a when stressed ʌ in unstressed position immediately before the stressed syllable or at first unstressed position without consonant ə any other unstressed position consonants before it is hard Edited by QiuJP on 07 May 2014 at 4:45pm 1 person has voted this message useful |
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