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Language activism - Tibet

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starst
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 Message 9 of 21
29 October 2010 at 6:23am | IP Logged 
I found the before-mentioned articles lacking detailed information, such as what the change is exactly, in which schools it took place, etc.

Though I haven't lived in mainland China for several years, I recall having watched TV series in Shanghai and Sichuan dialect, some opera-like performances in Zhejiang, Henan, Shanxi, and Anhui dialect. Such DVDs are not difficult to find in bookstores in Beijing (where I lived). For what I've heard about changing the Cantonese channel to Mandarin, it was only about changing part of the programs in 1 of the 9 Cantonese channels.

I don't think the government is doing well with culture diversity protection, but I do think it's mainly neglect rather than intentional elimination. Currently, Chinese local governors hardly pay attention to things that don't create direct economic benefits.

Anyway, it's always easier to criticize others. "And why beholdest thou the mote that is in thy brohter's eye,but considerest not the beam that is in thine own eye."
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starst
Triglot
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 Message 10 of 21
29 October 2010 at 6:33am | IP Logged 
Ari wrote:
The PRC tactic is pretty straight forward and effective. Ban the use of local languages in public and move massive amounts of Mandarin-speaking Han people to the non-Mandarin areas. Make no efforts to help them learn the local language. This way, the original inhabitants soon find themselves in a minority and the language of the place becomes increasingly Mandarin. This is what is happening in Tibet, as well as in Xinjiang and Guangdong.


I don't understand which history facts here you are referring to. Massive migration of non-military population to Xizang or Xinjiang? Are you talking about some political movements some 40 years before? Can you provide some links?

Edited by starst on 29 October 2010 at 6:35am

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Ari
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 Message 11 of 21
30 October 2010 at 2:37am | IP Logged 
starst wrote:
I don't understand which history facts here you are referring to. Massive migration of non-military population to Xizang or Xinjiang? Are you talking about some political movements some 40 years before? Can you provide some links?


L'aménagement
linguistique dans le monde
wrote:
Les Han constituent aujourd’hui la majorité de la population dans 20 provinces sur 22, à l’exception du Ouïgour (Xinjiang) et du Tibet. Dans la région autonome de la Mongolie intérieure par exemple, ils représentent 84,5 % de la population. En 1949, les Han représentaient à peine 5,5 % de la population du Ouïgour (Xinjiang). Aujourd’hui, ils en constituent plus de 40 %. La politique de «colonisation» pratiquée depuis des décennies par la Chine au moyen de transferts massifs de populations chinoises au Tibet a largement contribué à ce que les Tibétains soient aujourd’hui minorisés dans leur propre patrie: six millions de Tibétains contre sept millions de Chinois dans le Grand Tibet (ou Tibet historique), pas seulement la région autonome d'aujourd'hui où ils sont encore largement majoritaires. Pour les dirigeants chinois, il s'agit, selon le vocabulaire consacré, d'«ajouter du sable», autrement dit d'«épaissir le ciment», une façon subtile de parler de minorisation ou de sinisation.


You're studying French and the text isn't that complex, so I won't translate, if that's alright (otherwise just ask).

I'm glad and surprised to hear about the TV performances in the Shanghai and Sichuan dialects. Were these channels with these dialects as their major language or isolated shows? As for DVDs, in my local bookshop with a large selection of DVDs, I went to look for Cantonese movies. I live in Foshan, just outside of Canton, smack middle of the Cantonese speaking area and the local language is definitely Cantonese here. After asking for help from the staff, there was still not a single Canto DVD to be found. I've been there a few times and all in all found three DVDs claiming to have double sound tracks in Cantonese and Mandarin, but of these three, two had actually only Mandarin, the Cantonese audio having been stripped but the box not changed. Hong Kong movies are very popular and prolific, but they invariably have their Cantonese audio removed and are only supplied with a Mandarin dub. Needless to say, Hollywood movies are always supplied with both English and Mandarin audio.

Regarding the protests, you can look up some info on the Wikipedia site.

Wikipedia wrote:
Mandarin as the official language

Beijing made Mandarin the country’s official language in 1982, leading to bans on other languages at many radio and television stations.[3] This status was confirmed by the Law of the People's Republic of China on the Standard Spoken and Written Chinese Language, which went into effect on January 1, 2001. This law implements the provision in the Constitution of the People's Republic of China that the state promotes nationwide use of the language.[4][5]

[edit] Use of Cantonese on television

Due to Mandarin’s status as the official language, use of the country’s other languages in television as well as radio and film is rigorously restricted by the SARFT.[6][7][8] Permission from state or provincial authorities is required for using a dialect as the primary programming language at radio and television stations.[7]

In 1988, the Ministry of Radio, Film, and Television, predecessor of the State Administration of Radio, Film, and Television (SARFT), approved the use of Cantonese by Guangdong Television (GDTV) in its Pearl River Channel and Guangzhou Television as a countermeasure against the influence of Hong Kong television in the Pearl River Delta region.[1] The Satellite Channel of Southern Television Guangdong (TVS) is another major channel in China offering Cantonese programming and is the only Cantonese channel permitted to be broadcast worldwide via satellite.

[edit] Decline of Cantonese in younger generations

Despite having been approved for use in local television, Cantonese still faces restrictions and challenges in other aspects of social activities, which contributes to the decline of the language, particularly in the younger generations.

In elementary and secondary schools, the medium of instruction is mandated by law to be Mandarin.[4] Use of Mandarin is also ubiquitously promoted in schools. In contrast, most, if not all, local schools do not offer classes on Cantonese, although this is not explicitly forbidden by law.

In the past few years, there have been a number of newspaper reports about students in Guangzhou being punished for speaking Cantonese in school and even outside the classroom.[9] One elementary school in Yuexiu District, Guangzhou reportedly requires students to speak Mandarin not only in classes but also during their spare time, and threatens to deduct points from their records if they fail to comply.[10] This has caused some children to become reluctant to learn and use Cantonese or unable to understand or communicate in Cantonese at times.[10][11][12]

Also contributing to the decline is the influx of migrant population into Guangzhou as a result of the city’s economic and developmental advantages in the country. Increase of non-Cantonese-speaking population in the city leads to an increased number of non-Cantonese-speaking teachers in schools, forcing students to speak Mandarin in more occasions than Cantonese.[12][13]

[edit] Earlier moves by GZTV in adopting Mandarin

In 2009, GZTV shifted its Economy Channel from Cantonese to Mandarin at a cost of 30 million yuan.[13] Following the transition, viewership of the channel plummeted from 0.34 to 0.09.[14] The channel’s noontime news program reverted to Cantonese in January 2010 due to low ratings.[1]


All in all, I've seen some stuff regarding the promotion of Mandarin here that makes me uncomfortable. Like big placards in schools with big characters saying "I'm a Chinese child; I love speaking Mandarin". Some places have signs saying "please speak Mandarin".
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vientito
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 Message 12 of 21
30 October 2010 at 4:54am | IP Logged 
When I was travelling in Sichuan, I met three Tibetan monks on a bus. At a certain point, some locals were talking and laughing in their own version of a Tibetan dialect. I proceeded to ask the three monks what the others were laughing about. They shook their heads and told me that it was almost a foreign language to them as well. They told me point blank that there are perhaps more than 200 different Tibetan dialects and none of them are readily recognizable from one group to another. It reminds me a similar situation in Southern China. There are some dominant dialects but otherwise it is a very diverse group of related languages but hardly intercommunicable.

So, what activism are your referring to? Is that the one consented by the CIA-funded Dalai Lama? Without a common language in China as a backdrop, the dream of uniting all the minorities (hence controlling them) is not achievable. This is what aspires China to act the way she does things. I see nothing sinister about that. All big nation state do that. Some have been more brutal than others. Some achieve the same results by resorting to massive genocide. We don't need to name names here.

It is always the others' dirty laundry that we would like to expose, never our own.
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Solfrid Cristin
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 Message 13 of 21
30 October 2010 at 8:48am | IP Logged 
Having friends who think Lukashenko is a democrat, Fujimoro was uncorrupted, Pinochet was neccesary and Castro is a hero, I thought I was beyond being able to be surprised.

Support for Chinese language politics in Tibet on this particular forum did the trick.

The next thing will presumably be to see North Korea's human rights' record be warmly defended on the web site of Amnesty International.
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Juаn
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 Message 14 of 21
30 October 2010 at 8:01pm | IP Logged 
Solfrid Cristin wrote:
Pinochet was neccesary


The problem with politics is that it is background independent, to borrow a term from physics. There being no substantive set of morals we can all agree upon, how do we compare the merits of different political systems?

As for my humble opinion, Chileans were much better off as a result of Pinochet than Venezuelans are today because of Chavez, which is where Allende was heading. Of course though, reaching universal agreement on the validity of these statements is impossible.
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Solfrid Cristin
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 Message 15 of 21
30 October 2010 at 11:49pm | IP Logged 
Juаn wrote:
Solfrid Cristin wrote:
Pinochet was neccesary


The problem with politics is that it is background independent, to borrow a term from physics. There being no substantive set of morals we can all agree upon, how do we compare the merits of different political systems?

As for my humble opinion, Chileans were much better off as a result of Pinochet than Venezuelans are today because of Chavez, which is where Allende was heading. Of course though, reaching universal agreement on the validity of these statements is impossible.


Since I do not want to take this discussion in the wrong direction, I will not argue with your opinion. It happens to be different from mine, but you are still entitled to yours.

I would however like to point out that when I was young we had a substantial amount of Chilean refugees in Norway. And they were not fleeing from Allende... So there might be a couple of Chileans that disagree with you. Mind you, I am no fan of Chavez either.

Anyhow, my comments were more aimed at the "you'll hear a lot before your ears fall of"-factor (to use a Norwegian expression) of hearing support for supressing languages, on a forum for people who are interested in languages.

Otherwise I totally agree with you, Juan, on the impossibility of reaching universal agreement on political systems. Like most of you here on the forum, I have however grown up in a society where there are some things that are regarded as absolute truths. Hitler was bad, Stalin was bad, Osama bin Laden is bad. But there are of course people who disagree even with this. That is what we have free speech for - for all of us who live in countries where we can actually exert that right. As this year's Nobel Peace prize shows, that is not a right everyone has...

Edited by Solfrid Cristin on 30 October 2010 at 11:50pm

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ilcommunication
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 Message 16 of 21
31 October 2010 at 12:52am | IP Logged 
Solfrid Cristin wrote:
Having friends who think Lukashenko is a democrat, Fujimoro was uncorrupted, Pinochet was neccesary and Castro is a hero, I thought I was beyond being able to be surprised.

Support for Chinese language politics in Tibet on this particular forum did the trick.

None of that has anything to do with the issue. "Chinese language politics in Tibet" has made Tibetan language a significant focus in education (see my last post). The "Free Tibet" crowd is flatly wrong on the point of language.

Quote:
As for my humble opinion, Chileans were much better off as a result of Pinochet than Venezuelans are today because of Chavez, which is where Allende was heading. Of course though, reaching universal agreement on the validity of these statements is impossible.

Your argument is full of "False Positives", of course.


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