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Similar Japanese words | ||
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 Language Learning Forum : Questions About Your Target Languages |  | |
| tyr-new Newbie Japan Joined 3950 days ago 2 posts - 2 votes Speaks: English* Studies: Japanese | Message 1 of 5 02 February 2014 at 2:35pm | IP Logged |
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After my disasterous last few months I'm picking up on my Japanese again. A few small questions have arose about pairs of words and what distinguishes them.
近接 and 近い: 近い is the usual word I was always told to use for close but increasingly I hear people using 近接 to speak about close things. 知る and 知っている: Quite basic really but....it isn't in my mind. 知っている is the one which seems to be always used, which makes sense, its an ongoing thing, but when would one use 知る? 喜ぶ and 嬉しい: again 嬉しい is the usual I know but the other is increasingly cropping up. 利用 and 使用: Both are fairly new to me but very useful. So what is the difference within these sets? 1 person has voted this message useful | |
| osoymar Tetraglot Pro Member United States Joined 4737 days ago 190 posts - 344 votes  Speaks: English*, German, Portuguese, Japanese Studies: Spanish, French Personal Language Map | Message 2 of 5 03 February 2014 at 10:36pm | IP Logged |
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1. 近接, first of all, is a noun / suru verb whereas 近い is an adjective. 近接する can
mean to draw closer or, although it is grammatically a verb, it can be used like an adjective: 近接したコンビに. I pretty much never use 近接 in spoken Japanese but maybe that's just me, it sounds like something you would hear on the news. But that's probably just my impression. 2. 知る means to get to know or to learn (a fact), 知っている means to know. I believe that technically this っている isn't the present progressive but rather a description of state, but that may be my own made up understanding of the grammar rather than what is agreed upon. But just think of learning a fact and then knowing it- the first is the plain verb and the second is the ongoing condition after having learned the fact. Careful though, "I don't know" is 知らない and not 知っていない. 3. Again, you're mixing verbs and adjectives. 喜ぶ is to delight or be delighted. So you can say （私が）ご飯を作って（彼女に）喜んでもら った but you can't replace that with うれしい, grammatically it doesn't make sense. Whereas if somebody makes dinner for you you can (and should!) say 嬉しい！ but you would sound like a robot sounds 私はヨロコンデイル. There are certain instances where grammatically you could use either- another important thing to keep in mind is that you're more likely to say うれしい about yourself and 喜ぶ about someone else, but otherwise you'll just have to get used to the distinction. 4. I strongly associate 利用 with instruction manuals and other corporate language. Like 本日＿＿をご利用いただきまことにありがと うございます。 使用 is basically just 使う when you want to use a suru verb instead of a normal one. Umm... I'm not sure this is helpful. 利用 使用 and 使う are all words you need to know, but as far as everyday speech goes just use 使 う. If you need a noun form use 使用. I hope that helps, these are definitely all words that you'll need to learn passively at least, and hopefully with more input you'll get a better sense of usage. 4 persons have voted this message useful | |
| tyr-new Newbie Japan Joined 3950 days ago 2 posts - 2 votes Speaks: English* Studies: Japanese | Message 3 of 5 08 February 2014 at 1:43pm | IP Logged |
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I see. Thanks.
Even though in the past I've taught English I'm actually very bad with grammar terminology. Keep having to remind myself what verbs and nouns and all that are (yes, very bad, I know), I tend not to consider such things normally. Makes sense now its pointed out for those though. So 知る is a bit of a future tense? I go to class so that I will know whatever? 1 person has voted this message useful | |
| vonPeterhof Tetraglot Senior Member Russian FederationRegistered users can see my Skype Name Joined 4773 days ago 715 posts - 1527 votes Speaks: Russian*, EnglishC2, Japanese, German Studies: Kazakh, Korean, Norwegian, Turkish | Message 4 of 5 08 February 2014 at 6:12pm | IP Logged |
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知る is just the plain dictionary form of the verb. In Japanese those can function as present, future or just as an infinitive (e.g. 知る権利 - "the right to know").
It's also probably worth pointing out that in many cases where English speakers would use the verb "to know" Japanese speakers use the verb 分かる instead of 知る/知っている. It's kinda hard to pin down the exact difference in implications, but I think the first answer here sums it up pretty well. 1 person has voted this message useful | |
| osoymar Tetraglot Pro Member United States Joined 4737 days ago 190 posts - 344 votes Speaks: English*, German, Portuguese, Japanese Studies: Spanish, French Personal Language Map | Message 5 of 5 11 February 2014 at 1:53am | IP Logged |
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@tyr-new, I'm not huge into the grammar myself- I usually learn grammar when I'm first
starting to learn a language and then my knowledge of it fades away as I'm actually using the language. Unfortunately that sometimes makes it hard for me to explain facets of Japanese! Ultimately I think of the grammar as one possible solution for figuring out what's going on. To approach it from the other angle, of usage, 知っている (as well as 分かる, as vonPeterhof points out- I like the explanation in that link!) means "I know." 知らない or 分からない mean "I don't know." 知る by itself, oddly enough, is less common and more (to use a term imprecisely) elevated language- good example above in 知る権利, or another thing that comes to mind would be something like 和食の美味しさを北欧の留学生に知っていた だくために本 事業を開催しました。(We are holding this event to introduce the wonder of Japanese food to our exchange students from Northern Europe / more literally: we held this program to have the exchange students from Northern Europe learn the deliciousness of Japanese food) 1 person has voted this message useful |
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