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 Language Learning Forum : Specific Languages |  | |
| Analia Newbie Netherlands Joined 5636 days ago 12 posts - 13 votes Speaks: English | Message 33 of 34 26 June 2009 at 5:35pm | IP Logged |
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Officially, it is still used; however, I guess it is not mandatory any more, or it is simply ignored by many people. You can check the following link from the website of The Turkish Language Institute:
http://tdk.org.tr/TR/BelgeGoster.aspx?F6E10F8892433CFFAAF6AA 849816B2EF4EC2F94D94121ECE 1 person has voted this message useful | |
| Ertugrul Diglot Groupie Turkey Joined 5662 days ago 63 posts - 124 votes  Speaks: Turkish*, English Studies: Arabic (Written) | Message 34 of 34 04 July 2009 at 10:21am | IP Logged |
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Here are the IPA transliterations and transcriptions of the letters in Ancient Orkhon Script of Turks:
1. VOWELS A -> /a/, /e/ I -> /ɯ/, /i/, /j/ O -> /u/, /o/, /w/ U -> /ø/, /y/, /w/ 2. CONSONANTS 2.1. Harmonized 2.1.1 With back (1) and front (2) vowels B¹ -> /b/ B² -> /b/ D¹ -> /d/ D² -> /d/ G¹ -> /g/ G² -> /g/ L¹ -> /l/ L² -> /l/ N¹ -> /n/ N² -> /n/ R¹ -> /r/ R² -> /r/ S¹ -> /s/ S² -> /s/ T¹ -> /t/ T² -> /t/ Y¹ -> /j/ Y² -> /j/ 2.1.2 Only back and front K, Q Q -> /q/ K -> /k/ 2.1.3 With all vowels -Ç -> /tʃ/ -M -> /m/ -P -> /p/ -Ş -> /ʃ/ -Z -> /z/ -NG -> /ŋ/ 2.2 Clusters 2.2.1 + Vowel IÇ, ÇI, Ç -> /itʃ/, /tʃi/, /tʃ/ IQ, QI, Q -> /ɯq/, /qɯ/, /q/ OQ, UQ, QO, QU, Q -> /oq/, /uq/, /qo/, /qu/, /q/ ÖK, ÜK,KÖ, KÜ, K -> /øk/, /yk/,/kø/, /ky/, /k/ 2.2.2 + Consonant -NÇ -> /ntʃ/ -NY -> /ɲ/ -LT -> /lt/, /ld/ -NT -> /nt/, /nd/ These vowels, consonants and clusters have been slightly changed as the years passed and evolved to modern pure-Turkish words. These phonemes and vocals are the backbone of the Turkish letters. As you can see above there are more than a “k” sound and of course “q” letter also exists in Turkish phonology. In Ottoman times these sounds were represented by Arabic and partly Persian equivalent. Although this rendering still did not meet the core Turkish phonemes, it was considered quite reasonable in terms of consonants. When Language Revolution (LR) was performed, the vowel problem was fixed somehow. But the consonants rendering was suppressed by destroying dual letters. I mean, two “k”s were represented now only one “k”. And the voice difference was accomplished with vowel circumflexes. As an example: “kâğıt” and “kadın”. Basically the difference is in the “k”. But the LR deleted the other “k” and made a circumflex over “a” vowel. But why pure Turkish “Q” sound removed from the alphabet? This answer is related directly to Mustafa Kemal Ataturk himself. He didn’t like the writing of his name with “q” :) He wrote his name with “q” as “qemal” and with “k” as “kemal”. He liked the second one and “q” letter was dismissed. Sad but true. He was a soldier basically. All reforms and revolutions were carried out in his military mentality. He was not a linguist. He was a Turkist. His theory known as “Sun Language Theory” was unscientific, super-fantastic and pan-Turkist. But Ataturk is the most beloved leader in Turkey or he is the one who has to be the most beloved leader in Turkey. Criticizing him or his reforms? Just take a look up the republican history of Turkey and see what has happened to those who criticized. Edited by Ertugrul on 04 July 2009 at 12:30pm 2 persons have voted this message useful |
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