Hier ein Abschnitt aus meinem "log": Vielleicht findet jemand einen Tipp für sich, oder will etwas beitragen. Please add your tips. Mutterspracher, hoffentlich habe ich selbst alle Fehler beiseitigt! Wenn ihr etwas Falsches seht, bitte meldet!
HOW TO AVOID MISTAKES WRITING German, or
WIE MAN DEN FEHLERTEUFEL JAGT
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(Other than concentrating harder or getting enough sleep which we all know anyway!)
TIP 1: When my daughter writes dictation in the school the teacher has her write out her misspelled words 3 times. For example: "nich" instead of "nicht". She writes "nich, nich, nich" on a separate piece of paper. Do this for all misspellings. It might be worth a try!
TIP 2: When proofreading, cover up everything except one sentence. Read the sentence out loud or backwards. Try to ignore the content while you're checking spelling and grammar.
TIP 3: When reading out loud, learn to pay attention to how the word is spoken; this can help with spelling. There are a lot of rules. It's a good idea to have a list of "Merkwörter" for each rule:
short-sounding vowel before double consonants: pfiffig, schwirren, lallen, kommen, lassen. When in doubt whether it's doubled, separate the word root and say it out loud: Kap-pe, Rit-ter, Map-pe,
"s" after long-sounding vowel or dipthongs (ie, eu, au, äu): Gas, Besen, Dose, Pause, Glas
"ss" (Schluss-ss, Scharfes ss) after short-sounding vowel: Fluss , Kuss, Tasse, Reisepass, Missverständnis
"ß" after long-sounding vowels and dipthongs and makes a sharper s-sound: Maß, Gruß, schießen, schließen, heißen, zerreißen, genießen, draußen, Strauß, süß, bloß, stoßen, weiß, heiß
No "tz" afer a dipthong: Geiz, Kreuz
No "ck" after a consonant: stark, Schrank
Vowels that are lengthened (lengthened=gedehnt, the vowel is drawn out when spoken): Rat, Qual, Salat, Samen, Schale, Wal, las, Name, Dame, jagen
Vowels that are lengthened "ah": Zahn, Rahm, Fahren, Wahl, Jahr, Bahn, Sahne, lahm, (and "ih") ihn, ihm, ihr, ihnen
Vowels that are lengthened "aa": Paar, Saat, Aal, Waage, Haar, Saal
Vowels that are lengthened "ee": Seele, Schnee, Meer, Beet, Fee, Idee, Kaffee, Tee, leer, Allee
Vowels that are lengthened "ie": Fieber, Ziel, ließ, Bier, Spiegel, Stiefel, Dieb, Dienst, rief, tief, Beispiel, Niere
Vowels that are lengthened "eh": Mehl, dehnen, mehr, sehr, befehlen, Ehre, fehlen, stehlen, angenehm, wehren
Vowels that are lengthened with "oh": Wohnung, Lohn, Rohr, ohne, Bohne, Ohr, Sohn, Mohn, Hohn, Sohle, Fohlen
Vowels that are lengthened with "oo": Boot, Moos, Moor, doof
Vowels that are lengthened with "h": Uhr, Stuhl, Huhn, Ruhm, Ruhr, Aufruhr
Vowels that are lengthened anyway "i", (without any "identifier"): Bibel, mir, dir, Igel, gib, Apfelsine, Nil, Linie, Tiger, Maschine,
Vowels that are lengthened anyway "u", (without any "identifier"): Blut, Hut, Mut, gut, nun, rufen, trug, Flur, Glut, schuf
Words with Umlauts that are lengthened = gedehnt:
ä: Säge, schräg, Bär, Käfer, Käfig, nämlich, Märchen, spät, Träne
äh: Fährte, Mähne, gähnen, gefährlich, ungefähr, wählen, Strähne
ö: Kröte, blöken, Flöte, Löwe, Möbel, öde, blöde, Getöse, Stör, strömen
öh: Möhre, versöhnen, gewöhnen, stöhnen, Höhle
ü: Blüte, Hügel, Gemüse, Wüste, Bügel, müde, lügen, prüfen, spülen, schwül, Geschwür
üh: Bühne, rühmen, fühlen, führen, rühren, wühlen, kühn, kühl, Frühling, Gefühl, Mühle
end or ent? --
"end" at the beginning means "final"; endlich, endlos, endgültig
"ends": nirgends, eilends, zusehends, vollends, aber: eigens, unversehens
"ent" is a prefix entlaufen, entbehren
z or tz? --
tz after simple, short vowels: Matratze, Katze, Platz, -exception-: Kapuze, Strapaze, Brezel, duzen, Spaziergang
tz after short-sounding umlauts: Mütze, Stütze, -exception-: Kürzel, Würze
NO tz after consonants or dipthongs! - a common mistake is "Artzt"
z after consonants and dipthongs: Salz, Arzt, Herz, Weizen, Schauze
tod or tot?
tot + verb: togschlagen, tottreten, totsagen, tot stellen
tot + en: totenstill, totenblass, Totenstille, Totenkopf, Totenbaum, Totenschein
Tod + adjective: todblass, todstill, todfeind, todkrank, todmüde, todschick, todsicher, tödlich
So many spelling rules! I can't list all, but I came across a nice saying from the school for remembering when to capitalize: mit -ung, -keit, -heit macht sich ein Nomen breit“ You could translate that: "with -ung, -keit, -heit there's a noun in sight"??? Something to that effect!
TIP 4: to remember commas, color-code Hauptsatz (main clause) and Nebensatz (subordinate clause) in order to see where the commas belong.
TIP 5: Fehlerstrategie (mistake-strategy) - keep track of the kinds of mistakes that occur the most frequently and develop a strategy to avoid them. For example, in my case, I sometimes have a problem making sure the verb is conjugated correctly, esp. if the sentence is particularly long. Strategy: Have I checked all the verbs to see if I've applied the right rule? Here's an example "strategy" that I copied for a student who has trouble with French:
-Ist es ein Verb auf er?
-Ist es Grundform oder Vergangenheit? Wenn es Vergangenheit ist, dann ist es é, wenn es Grundform ist, ist es er...
-Und am Ende einer Prüfung kannst du dich fragen: Habe ich bei allen Verben geschaut, ob ich die Regel richtig angewendet habe?
TIP 6: To avoid mistakes, it's important to internalize the grammar/spelling. Don't learn the rules all at once. Tackle one or two grammar/spelling rules at a time and work on them systematically.
Edited by Sunja on 28 August 2013 at 11:18am
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