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 Language Learning Forum : Philological Room |  | |
| Anton R. Diglot Groupie Russian Federation Joined 6228 days ago 53 posts - 54 votes  2 sounds Speaks: Russian*, English Studies: German, Spanish | Message 1 of 37 31 March 2008 at 10:14am | IP Logged |
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What other languages have cases?
Russian: nominative, genitive, dative, accusative, instrumental, prepositional. German: nominative, genitive, dative, accusative. Finnish: nominative, accusative, genitive, partitive, adessive, ablative, allative, inessive, elative, illative, essive, translative, abessive, instructive, comitative. Edited by Anton R. on 31 March 2008 at 10:33am 1 person has voted this message useful | |
| Makrasiroutioun Quadrilingual Heptaglot Senior Member Canada infowars.com Joined 5895 days ago 210 posts - 236 votes Speaks: French*, English*, Armenian*, Romanian*, Latin, German, Italian Studies: Dutch, Swedish, Turkish, Japanese, Russian, Arabic (Written) | Message 2 of 37 31 March 2008 at 11:03am | IP Logged |
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Romanian: Nominative/Accusative, Genitive/Dative, Vocative.
Armenian: Nominative, Accusative, Genitive, Dative, Ablative, Locative, Instrumental. Swedish: Nominative, Possessive/Genitive. Latin: Nominative, Accusative, Genitive, Dative, Ablative, Vocative, Locative (Old Latin). Georgian: Nominative, Ergative, Genitive, Accusative/Dative, Instrumental, Adverbial, Vocative. Icelandic: same as German. Faroese: same as German, but genitive is dying. Ancient Greek: Nominative, Accusative, Genitive, Dative, Vocative. Modern Greek: same, minus the dative. Persian: none. Hindi: Subjective, Objective, Vocative. Arabic (MSA): Nominative, Accusative, Genitive. Estonian: Nominative, Partitive, Genitive, Illative, Inessive, Elative, Allative, Adessive, Ablative, Translative, Terminative, Essive, Abessive, Comitative. Tsez: Absolutive, Ergative, Genitive I, Genitive II, Dative, Instrumental, Equative I, Equative II, Possessive, Abessive, Essive, Lative, Ablative, Allative, Inessive, Contessive, Superessive, Adessive, Subessive, Apudessive. Dutch: Nominative, Genitive, dead Accusative and Dative. Old English: same as German, but with remnants of an Instrumental case. Low German: Nominative, Accusative, Oblique. Bulgarian: Nominative, Vocative. Sanskrit, Avestan, Proto-Indo-European, and Old Persian: Nominative, Accusative, Genitive, Dative, Ablative, Instrumental, Locative, Vocative. Slovene: Nominative, Accusative, Genitive, Dative, Locative, Instrumental, but it has three numbers (dual too, which has unique endings). 1 person has voted this message useful | |
| Chung Diglot Senior Member Joined 6945 days ago 4228 posts - 8259 votes 20 sounds Speaks: English*, French Studies: Polish, Slovak, Uzbek, Turkish, Korean, Finnish | Message 3 of 37 31 March 2008 at 12:03pm | IP Logged |
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Czech, Polish, Ukrainian: Nominative, Accusative, Genitive, Dative, Locative, Instrumental, Vocative
Slovak: Nominative, Accusative, Genitive, Dative, Locative, Instrumental BCS / Serbo-Croatian: Nominative, Accusative, Genitive, Dative/Locative, Instrumental, Vocative (it's arguable now whether dative and locative are separate since the modern endings have merged) Hungarian: Adessive, Inessive, Locative, Superessive, Ablative, Delative, Elative, Allative, Illative, Sublative, Terminative, Temporal, Accusative, Instrumental, Causal-Final, Dative, Distributive, Distributive-Temporal, Essive, Translative 1 person has voted this message useful | |
| Leopejo Bilingual Triglot Senior Member Italy Joined 5898 days ago 675 posts - 724 votes Speaks: Italian*, Finnish*, English Studies: French, Russian | Message 4 of 37 31 March 2008 at 12:15pm | IP Logged |
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All romance languages and English:
at least three cases: I, me, my in personal pronouns. ;-) 1 person has voted this message useful | |
| Vlad Trilingual Super Polyglot Senior Member Czechoslovakia foreverastudent.com Joined 6373 days ago 443 posts - 576 votes 2 sounds Speaks: Czech*, Slovak*, Hungarian*, Mandarin, EnglishC2, GermanC2, ItalianC1, Spanish, Russian, Polish, Serbian, French Studies: Persian, Taiwanese, Romanian, Portuguese | Message 5 of 37 31 March 2008 at 12:48pm | IP Logged |
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Chung,
I know you know this, but be fair and give us Slovaks our Vocative too :-) I know it has only a couple instances but we have it:-) By the way, in colloquial Slovak (Southern Slovakia?), vocative is quite wide-spread, but only for some male names. Róbert - Robi Jozef - Joži Fero - Feri Tomáš - Tomi and so on. Edited by Vlad on 31 March 2008 at 12:48pm 1 person has voted this message useful | |
| Chung Diglot Senior Member Joined 6945 days ago 4228 posts - 8259 votes 20 sounds Speaks: English*, French Studies: Polish, Slovak, Uzbek, Turkish, Korean, Finnish | Message 6 of 37 31 March 2008 at 1:25pm | IP Logged |
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The only vocative that I can think of is Bože for Boh.
I would call out to you informally as "Vlad'o!" just as much as I could say "Vlad'o is eating lunch". Theoretically if Slovak were still using the vocative, shouldn't I call you Vlad'u or Vladimire? Are those forms with -i nicknames or vocatives? That'd be the first time that I've heard of such a thing. In a comparable way, I call and refer to one of my friends as Zuzka, but I've heard others call and refer to her as "Zuzi" instead. For example they'll say: "Zuzi mi vcera zavolala." and greet her as "Ahoj Zuzi!" I get the impression that Zuzi is just a nominative and is consistent with the pattern of modern Slovak where nominative has absorbed the vocative except for a few relics such as Boh. 1 person has voted this message useful | |
| Vlad Trilingual Super Polyglot Senior Member Czechoslovakia foreverastudent.com Joined 6373 days ago 443 posts - 576 votes 2 sounds Speaks: Czech*, Slovak*, Hungarian*, Mandarin, EnglishC2, GermanC2, ItalianC1, Spanish, Russian, Polish, Serbian, French Studies: Persian, Taiwanese, Romanian, Portuguese | Message 7 of 37 31 March 2008 at 2:18pm | IP Logged |
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Other vocatives that I can think of are:
synu, otče, pane, synku, chlapče, priateľu, cloveče, bratku When It comes to Pali, Feri, Tomi.. I suspected something and I was right. I think they are the influence of Hungarian: http://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vokatív At least that is how I see it. When I use the Feri, Jozi.. It allways reminds me of Hungarian, because that's how I call (Feri gyere ide..and so on) my friends when I speak Hungarian. Which city is Zuzka from? Is she Zuzi or Hungarian Zsuzsi? Because Slovak Zuzi Nominative I have never heared of in my life and it hurts my eyes to read it:-) Zuzi mi vcera volala... It is very incorrect and is strange for a nickname as well. But you are right when you say, that I can use this form as Nominative and Vocative both: Feri pod sem! Feri cita knihu. but.. nominative Feri sounds 'nespisovne' not according to rules, because Fero is the correct Nominative form (František).. however Feri Vocative sounds quite good as there is no existing correct form to compare to. Edited by Vlad on 31 March 2008 at 2:19pm 1 person has voted this message useful | |
| Chung Diglot Senior Member Joined 6945 days ago 4228 posts - 8259 votes 20 sounds Speaks: English*, French Studies: Polish, Slovak, Uzbek, Turkish, Korean, Finnish | Message 8 of 37 31 March 2008 at 3:10pm | IP Logged |
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If I remember correctly she is from a place near Zvolen. As far as I know she is Slovak. I suspect that if she were a Hungarian Slovak, she would insist that I speak in Hungarian with her instead. That article in Slovak Wikipedia mentions this use of -i and as I suspected, it's taken from the nominative diminutive. It even mentions that dreaded "Zuzi". The article also confirms what I've read in that modern Slovak has discarded the vocative and it exists only as a relic. Its declension has merged with the nominative.
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