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 Language Learning Forum : Philological Room |  | |
| chucknorrisman Triglot Senior Member United States Joined 5449 days ago 321 posts - 435 votes  Speaks: Korean*, English, Spanish Studies: Russian, Mandarin, Lithuanian, French | Message 41 of 48 11 February 2011 at 3:43am | IP Logged | |||||
Why did the Japanese make new words out of Chinese words (not talking about kanji usage, the fact that they used the Chinese pronunciations for most of them) and not so much with native Japanese words? 1 person has voted this message useful | ||||||
| jsun Groupie Joined 5086 days ago 62 posts - 129 votes | Message 42 of 48 12 February 2011 at 1:31am | IP Logged | |||||
Sometimes Japanese took out vocabularies from ancient Chinese literature, altered the definition and used them on another aspects. That's why a member in the previous page doesn't agree that some vocabularies are Japanese made. Also, Japanese admired and respected Chinese culture for many centuries....until they lost in WW2 - they simplified Kanji and imported Western idea into Japanese phonetically. OT Kinomo is derived from ancient Chinese clothing. Qipao is Manchurian clothing and Chinese want to revive Hanfu. The photo of Hanfu. The photo of Kinomo EDIT: photos removed by newyorkeric Edited by newyorkeric on 12 February 2011 at 4:21am 1 person has voted this message useful | ||||||
| clumsy Octoglot Senior Member Poland lang-8.com/6715Registered users can see my Skype Name Joined 5179 days ago 1116 posts - 1367 votes Speaks: Polish*, English, Japanese, Korean, French, Mandarin, Italian, Vietnamese Studies: Spanish, Arabic (Written), Swedish Studies: Danish, Dari, Kirundi | Message 43 of 48 17 February 2011 at 8:11pm | IP Logged | |||||
Well, I agree that they borrow a lot , Japan is now very influencial country. However, some words cannot be borrowed - if they are written in katakana, then Chinese often create they own term, I think. So I would not say that they lack vocabulary. I have not studied much of chemistry etc. but I often go to Wikipedia to see things. They have their own Asian species classification. 門 剛 目 属 科 - It's the same across CJK. But as for Dinosaur names, Vietnamese, Korean and Japanese use names taken from Western world (except for some common names), Chinese have their own names - Velociraptor - fast dragon. It's very interesting. On the other hand, my friend once told me that they use German terms in medical schools in Korea. Edited by newyorkeric on 18 February 2011 at 1:55am 1 person has voted this message useful | ||||||
| skyr Triglot Newbie United Kingdom Joined 5034 days ago 15 posts - 43 votes Speaks: English*, German, Swedish Studies: Italian, Icelandic, Czech, Slovak, Serbian | Message 44 of 48 28 February 2011 at 1:16am | IP Logged | |||||
English - Icelandic - Czech Sn Tin - tin - cín Pb Lead - blý - olovo (?) Au Gold - gull - zlato (?) Ag Silver - silfur - stříbro Cu Copper - kopar - měd' Fe Iron - járn - železo H Hydrogen - vetni - vodík O Oxygen - súrefni - kíslik C Carbon - kolefni - uhlík S Sulphur - brennistein - sirný Na Sodium - natríum/natrín - sodík K potassium - kalín - draslik Hg Mercury - kvikasilfur - rtut' Quite a few calques/neologisms :) edited to neaten up the columns and write out the names of the languages in full! Edited by skyr on 28 February 2011 at 1:19am 1 person has voted this message useful | ||||||
| Cherepaha Diglot Senior Member United States Joined 6590 days ago 126 posts - 175 votes Speaks: Russian*, English Studies: Spanish, Polish, Latin, French | Message 45 of 48 04 May 2011 at 6:44pm | IP Logged | |||||
Same in Russian: ДНК /De-еN-Ka/ дезоксерибонуклеиновая кислота (deoxyribonucleic acid) i.e. the word acid (кислота) is translated, hence "K" instead of an "A" at the end of the acronym 1 person has voted this message useful | ||||||
| Cherepaha Diglot Senior Member United States Joined 6590 days ago 126 posts - 175 votes Speaks: Russian*, English Studies: Spanish, Polish, Latin, French | Message 46 of 48 04 May 2011 at 7:10pm | IP Logged | |||||
I remember being puzzled by it in the same manner and having to force myself to memorize the illogical names of elements in English. Our chemistry teacher said potassium and sodium were "historical names", which I assume means those names were in common use before Mendeleyev's periodic table was formulated. Here is the online etymology dictionary on the subject http://www.etymonline.com (note that they appear to be tracing "sodium" to Arabic origins): Sodium - metallic alkaline element, 1807, coined by Eng. chemist Humphry Davy from soda; so called because the element was isolated from caustic soda (sodium hydroxide). The chemical symbol Na is from Natrium. Soda - late 15c., "alkaline substance," from It. sida (or M.L. soda) "a kind of saltwort," from which soda is obtained, probably from Arabic suwwad, the name of a variety of saltwort exported from North Africa to Sicily in the Middle Ages, related to sawad "black," the color of the plant. The meaning "carbonated water" is first recorded 1834, a shortening of soda water (1802). Soda fountain is from 1824; soda jerk first attested 1883. First record of soda pop is from 1873. Potassium - 1807, coined by Eng. chemist Sir Humphrey Davy (1778-1829) from Mod.L. potassa, Latinized form of potash (q.v.). Davy first isolated it from potash. It's symbol - K - comes from the Latin word kalium. Potash - 1640s, loan-translation of Du. potaschen, lit. "pot ashes;" so called because it was originally obtained by soaking wood ashes in water and evaporating the mixture in an iron pot. Cf. Ger. Pottasche, Dan. potaske, Swed. pottaska. See also potassium. Fr. potasse (1570s), It. potassa are Germanic loan-words. 1 person has voted this message useful | ||||||
| Cavesa Triglot Senior Member Czech Republic Joined 5010 days ago 3277 posts - 6779 votes Speaks: Czech*, FrenchC2, EnglishC1 Studies: Spanish, German, Italian | Message 47 of 48 05 May 2011 at 12:26am | IP Logged | |||||
just a few points to the czech version: olovo and zlato are perfect. kíslik is kyslík and sirný is síra. (I hope Iversen won't mind my corrections, since he's interested in both languages and sciences :-) ) sirný is used when the sulfur is in molecule where it's oxidation number is +1 :-) (+2 would be sirnatý, +3 siřitý, +4 siřičitý, +5 siřičný, +6 sírový, +7 siřistý, +8 siřičelý. of course not all these oxidation numbers for sulfur kations exist, it's just an exemple. I hope all the diacritics shows well.) The Czech language got lots of scientific vocabulary in 19th century where the language as a whole experienced kind of ressurection. The vocabulary came from what already was there but a part of it was artificaly made to prove that the czech language is as usable as German to express anything. Since the second half of 19th century, the need for new scientific terms has increased a lot of course. There are czech words for quite everything, quite many of them are original. Others have English roots, a few came even from french or German. A lot of words came from latin and ancient greek, while a lot of those were not changed at all. Which term is used depends mostly on which part of science are you spaking of. When speaking of computers, English terms will be used of course. Zoology, there are czech words for everything and they are widely used. If you want to sound real clever or need to pass a university exam, than you'll use the latin. But in some sciences it is more complicated, such as anatomy. Students learn latin and doctors use it. Patients use mostly czech and sometimes a latin word, if it is a widely known one. But I have heard that the Greek gave roots to most terms of pathology (as a result some pieces of the body have several names. and a few more based on names of the people who were the first to find it :-)). And chemistry, the czech nomenclature is very rich and logical and there are not many things where we need to borrow words. Yes, the previously mentioned DNA is deoxyribonukleová kyselina, which is borrowed. Sorry about a long post. (Feels a bit strange to post that much about such a small and unimportant language :-D) 1 person has voted this message useful | ||||||
| Matheus Senior Member Brazil Joined 5082 days ago 208 posts - 312 votes Speaks: Portuguese* Studies: English, French | Message 48 of 48 12 May 2011 at 10:59pm | IP Logged | |||||
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I read about Anatomy a few days ago, and realised that the words (many of them) I already
knew because I have them adapted to my native language. Deoxyribonucleic acid <> Ácido desoxirribonucleico Most of scientific words I find in Portuguese, come from English. Or is it the opposite? I don't think so. As Science develops, we develop our language too. 1 person has voted this message useful |
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