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LanguageSponge’s TAC 2013 Log | ||
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 Language Learning Forum : Language Learning Log |  | |
| Josquin Heptaglot Senior Member Germany Joined 4842 days ago 2266 posts - 3992 votes  Speaks: German*, English, French, Latin, Italian, Russian, Swedish Studies: Japanese, Irish, Portuguese, Persian | Message 89 of 92 28 April 2013 at 1:06pm | IP Logged | ||
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Ich persönlich versuche, die neue Rechtschreibung zu ignorieren, wo ich nur kann. :) Das Einzige, was ich mache, ist ss für ß zu schreiben, ansonsten halte ich die neue Rechtschreibung größtenteils für Schwachsinn. Deine Fehler hatten aber eigentlich auch nichts mit neuer oder alter Rechtschreibung zu tun. Es waren eher unnatürliche Ausdrücke, die Muttersprachler anders formulieren würden. Keine Sorge, dein Deutsch ist immer noch sehr gut! :)
About Japanese kanji: When the Japanese imported the kanji from the Chinese, they also imported the Chinese words associated with them. The result of this process is that every kanji has at least two readings: the Sino-Japanese on-reading, which is the Chinese reading with japanized pronunciation, and the native-Japanese kun-reading. So, the character 中 can either be read "chū" (on-reading) or "naka" (kun-reading). Which reading is called for in a certain context has to be learned by rote. Often, the on-reading is used in compound words consisting of several kanji. Additionally to on- and kun-readings, there are also irregular readings in names. The characters 一 and 男 have the on-readings "ichi" and "dan" and the kun-readings "hito" and "otoko", but together they form the male name "Kazuo". As far as I can tell, the kanji don't really fit the Japanese language. Conjugational endings and inflectional particles are always written in kana, so a verb form like "kimashita" ("came") looks like this: 来ました. The root is 来 (ki), to which the polite past tense ending -ました (-mashita) is added. Sometimes kana even appear in the middle of words such as 末っ子 (suekko: "youngest child") or 真ん中 (mannaka: "middle") and sometimes words are written half in kanji and half in kana as in 好き (suki: "liking, fondness") or 小さい (chīsai: "small"). Another interesting example is the word for father: If you are talking about your own father you have to use 父 (chichi), but another person's father would be お父さん (otōsan). So the kanji changes its pronunciation completely and the two honorific suffixes by which it's surrounded are written in kana. If you already know from Chinese hanzi what the characters mean and how to write them, a good resource for learning the Japanese readings might be James W. Heisig's Remembering the Kanji Vol. 2. A Systematic Guide to Reading the Japanese Characters. It specifically adresses the problem of on- and kun-readings. I have only just started on learning Japanese and the kanji, but as far as I can tell Heisig is a good resource. Edited by Josquin on 28 April 2013 at 1:39pm 1 person has voted this message useful | |||
| Марк Senior Member Russian Federation Joined 5054 days ago 2096 posts - 2972 votes Speaks: Russian* | Message 90 of 92 28 April 2013 at 3:15pm | IP Logged | ||
"бы" is used only to desribe unreal situations, which haven't or can't happen. Russian does not have the sequence of tenses, so we use the Present tense when we talk about something which took place simulteniously with a past action. В целом, текст очень хороший! 1 person has voted this message useful | |||
| LanguageSponge Triglot Senior Member United Kingdom Joined 5764 days ago 1197 posts - 1487 votes Speaks: English*, German, French Studies: Welsh, Russian, Japanese, Slovenian, Greek, Italian | Message 91 of 92 01 May 2013 at 12:28pm | IP Logged | ||
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Спасибо за исправления, Марк. Я почти всё понял но у меня есть вопрос о следующем предложении.
"Один из учителей меня в шутку звал «Владимир», потому что он видел, как я всё время читаю по-русски." Если бы я в конце фразы писал «читаю», предполагает ли это, что я всё ещё в школе и учитель ещё видит, как я читаю (читал?)? Употребление настоящего времени в таких случаях так предполагает в английском. А в русском? Если не, как сказать? Спасибо! --- Danke für deine Ermutigung, Josquin. Es frustriert mich ein wenig, dass ich solche kleinen Fehler nicht beheben kann. Thanks for your explanation with the kanji. I don’t intend on concentrating fully on Chinese or Japanese characters for a while, namely until my German and Russian are closer to where I want them to be. 手伝ってありがとう！ Edited by LanguageSponge on 01 May 2013 at 2:22pm 1 person has voted this message useful | |||
| Марк Senior Member Russian Federation Joined 5054 days ago 2096 posts - 2972 votes Speaks: Russian* | Message 92 of 92 01 May 2013 at 1:27pm | IP Logged | ||
Нет. В русском языке настоящее время в придаточном предложении означает его одновременность с действием в главном предложении. То есть, "Он видел, что я читал книгу" означает, что сначала вы читали, а потом он видел. По-английски "читал" переводилось бы как "I had read". Это верно, естественно, для изъяснительных придаточных (которые начинаются с союзов "что", "как"). 2 persons have voted this message useful |
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