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Tags: Afrikaans | Wanderlust | Brain | Teach Yourself | Finnish | Swedish | Vocabulary learning | Total Annihilation Challenge (TAC) | Pronunciation | Grammar | Spanish | ||
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| mick33 Senior Member United States Joined 5921 days ago 1335 posts - 1632 votes  Speaks: English* Studies: Finnish Studies: Thai, Polish, Afrikaans, Hindi, Hungarian, Italian, Spanish, Swedish | Message 185 of 223 21 October 2009 at 12:42am | IP Logged | |||||
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I think I'm ready to briefly explain how to make Swedish words, in particular nouns, plural. There's a bit more to this than I had expected and it is different than how Afrikaans or Spanish words are made plural. Learning about plural forms has meant learning about declensions; I've seen the word declensions before (usually in articles about Germanic languages, I think) but had no idea what it meant. I think declension means how a word gets is changed, or inflected, to become plural; at least that works for me now there's probably a broader definition but that's not important to me right now.
So, I'll get into the actual explanation now. According to my copy of Swedish: An Essential Grammar there are 7 declensions but I think there's actually only 6; one of the declensions listed is "x/zero (ie. no plural ending)". Some other things that matter here are: Is the noun common (en) or neutral (ett) gender?, If the noun is neutral does it end in a consonant or a vowel? and how the noun is pronounced, that is to say, is the last syllable stressed or not (and this also changes the ending according to noun gender) and is the noun definite like "en flicka/två flickor" (a girl/two girls) or indefinite "flickan/flickorna" (the girl/the girls). For now I'll just list he indefinite plural endings, which are: -or,-ar,-er,-r,-n, and-s 1st declension "or" en flicka - två flickor en gata - två gator (a street/two streets) en blomma - två blommor (a flower/two flowers) 2nd declension "ar" en sjö - två sjöar (a lake/two lakes) en arm - två armar (an arm/two arms) en pojke - två pojkar en fågel - två fåglar (a bird/two birds) en cykel - två cyklar (a bicycle/two bicycles) ...Out of time for now, I will finish this later on. 21 October I'm back so I'll continue with the declensions 3rd declension "er" en park - två parker (a park/two parks) en miljö - två miljöer (an environment/environments) ett myteri - två myterier (mutiny/mutinies) 4th declension "r" en linje - linjer (line/lines) en bakelse - två bakelser (cream cake/cream cakes) en sko - skor (shoe/shoes) 5th declension "n" ett hjärta - hjärtan (heart/hearts) ett meddelande - meddelanden (message/messages) One irregular form (there are more but I don't want to list them all now) ett huvud - huvuden 6th declension no change in ending of word ett hus - tre hus (house/three houses) ett barn - fem barn (child/five children) I think that's correct en studerande - fyra studerande (student/four students) 7th declension "s" seems to be for loanwords en happening - två happenings (happening/happenings) There's more I could explain but this post is long enough. Hej då Mick Edited by mick33 on 22 October 2009 at 12:52am 1 person has voted this message useful | ||||||
 Fasulye Heptaglot Winner TAC 2012 Moderator Germany fasulyespolyglotblog Joined 5844 days ago 5460 posts - 6006 votes 1 sounds Speaks: German*, DutchC1, EnglishB2, French, Italian, Spanish, Esperanto Studies: Latin, Danish, Norwegian, Turkish Personal Language Map | Message 186 of 223 22 October 2009 at 8:27am | IP Logged | |||||
A declension is a case system. If you put a noun in different cases, then you work with a declension. My languages German, Turkish and Latin have declensions. For example (German / Turkish) NOM: das Auto GEN: des Autos DAT: dem Auto AKK: das Auto NOM: araba GEN: arabanin DAT: arabaya AKK: arabayi ABL: arabadan LOK: arabada If you change a noun from singular to plural this is called inflection. Fasulye Edited by Fasulye on 22 October 2009 at 8:32am 3 persons have voted this message useful | ||||||
| mick33 Senior Member United States Joined 5921 days ago 1335 posts - 1632 votes Speaks: English* Studies: Finnish Studies: Thai, Polish, Afrikaans, Hindi, Hungarian, Italian, Spanish, Swedish | Message 187 of 223 22 October 2009 at 8:53am | IP Logged | |||||
1 person has voted this message useful | ||||||
| mick33 Senior Member United States Joined 5921 days ago 1335 posts - 1632 votes Speaks: English* Studies: Finnish Studies: Thai, Polish, Afrikaans, Hindi, Hungarian, Italian, Spanish, Swedish | Message 188 of 223 23 October 2009 at 7:35pm | IP Logged | |||||
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Last night, I remembered that I'm a little behind where I want to be in Spanish. Yes, despite my complaining about it a few weeks ago, I am still learning Spanish and have started looking for newspaper articles to read. I figure it's time I started doing more than just the course work for my class and listening to music and sometimes translating the lyrics. I also reviewed the preterite tense because there's some irregular verbs that have different meanings in this tense.
After about 2 hours of math, I really should have focused on Finnish, since I want to know more words and I forgot to look at anything Finnish for two days. But instead, I studied more Swedish instead and I'm think I'm starting to figure out the spelling and also beginning to remember which letters aren't usually pronounced. So this morning I'm focusing on Finnish and Afrikaans, which is probably really weird since I definitely know more Afrikaans, but I want to see if I can think in, and translate between, these two languages without producing total jibberish or resorting to English. If anything good, or interesting, results from this experiment I'll write something about it. Next week I think it's time I posted more Finnish and Swedish (one message each is not enough writing practice) and I'll be writing a paper for my Spanish class which will require learning the imperfect tense. All this and two math tests, next week will be busy for me. Lekker dag Hasta luego Hei sitten Ha det så bra Mick Edited by mick33 on 26 October 2009 at 6:52pm 1 person has voted this message useful | ||||||
| mick33 Senior Member United States Joined 5921 days ago 1335 posts - 1632 votes Speaks: English* Studies: Finnish Studies: Thai, Polish, Afrikaans, Hindi, Hungarian, Italian, Spanish, Swedish | Message 190 of 223 26 October 2009 at 7:02pm | IP Logged | |||||
Now back to studying Spanish and maybe I'll have a little snack. Mick 1 person has voted this message useful | ||||||
| mick33 Senior Member United States Joined 5921 days ago 1335 posts - 1632 votes Speaks: English* Studies: Finnish Studies: Thai, Polish, Afrikaans, Hindi, Hungarian, Italian, Spanish, Swedish | Message 192 of 223 29 October 2009 at 8:15pm | IP Logged | |||||
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Esp: ¡Estoy muy contento! Aprendía más español las semanas pasadas y deseo practicar la escritura ahora. Fue confundido sobre algunos conceptos gramatical, por ejemplo ¿Cómo use correctamente la palabra "se" y los verbos pretéritos también? Pero entiendo estas cosas ahora. Terminaré la clase de español el próximo lunes, pero tengo que escribir un papel y tomar el última examen. Después de, voy a seguir estudiar español. Ojalá que empiece hablar y escribir más español pronto.
Escribiré mi próximo mensaje in finlandés o tal vez sueco. Chau! Mick Edited by mick33 on 02 November 2009 at 9:12am 1 person has voted this message useful |
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