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FAQ-NL: Dutch | ||
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 Language Learning Forum : Specific Languages |  | |
| carlonove Senior Member United States Joined 5797 days ago 145 posts - 253 votes  Speaks: English* Studies: Italian | Message 225 of 509 05 January 2011 at 8:20pm | IP Logged | ||
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Jan,
I've typically seen ook translated as "also", but there seems more subtle usages of the word that don't have a comparable English translation. 1 person has voted this message useful | |||
| tommus Senior Member CanadaRegistered users can see my Skype Name Joined 5677 days ago 979 posts - 1688 votes Speaks: English* Studies: Dutch, French, Esperanto, German, Spanish | Message 226 of 509 05 January 2011 at 8:21pm | IP Logged | ||
It is difficult to tell how common a word is unless you look at a word frequency list. And the word may be more common than normal in some kinds of material. All these were taken from my reading, and almost all from Dutch-language newspapers or periodicals. Essentially all of the English meanings are very common and could easily occur in any kind of reading or listening. I can understand not teaching them, especially if you are teaching words to be used in 'production'. Obviously, teaching the most-used ones is the most productive approach. However, the list is not that long, and they do pop-up in reading. I think the most difficult issue is not their frequency of occurring but the multiple meanings they can have. Probably an innovative book addressing the usages of these words would be a big winner (in any language). 1 person has voted this message useful | |||
| JanKG Tetraglot Senior Member Belgium Joined 5578 days ago 245 posts - 280 votes Speaks: Dutch*, English, German, French Studies: Italian, Finnish | Message 227 of 509 05 January 2011 at 8:22pm | IP Logged | ||
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I think I can agree, but the one you referred to does not seem to be a good example of what you are trying to illustrate. You see? Edited by JanKG on 06 January 2011 at 11:23am 1 person has voted this message useful | |||
| JanKG Tetraglot Senior Member Belgium Joined 5578 days ago 245 posts - 280 votes Speaks: Dutch*, English, German, French Studies: Italian, Finnish | Message 228 of 509 06 January 2011 at 11:28am | IP Logged | ||
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Tommus' list was quite impressive and quite interesting for a native speaker and EFL teacher: it shows me what kind of words cause difficulty. Those seem mainly fairly short words containing a root one can analyse.
I have completed the list, added some words, added some corrections, some crossreferences, add the word category systematically, etc. I hope it is useful. (Just by the way: I have just noticed that the arrow has become a while pasting, not my intention. So understand: is a right arrow (meaning: 'see [this word]'), whereas < is opposition.) What I consider doing is producing another list 'grouping together' words with the same stem - but I understand that foreigners cannot always analyse those words like that ('cutting up' is part of the foreign learners' problem). Yet, I think analysing them that way often helps to remember and even decipher... Diverse preposities, adverbia, conjuncties, … P aan >>> to Conj aangezien >>> as, since P achter >>> behind Adv achteraf >>> afterwards A achtereenvolgens >>> subsequently, consecutively ? Adv al >>> already, Conj al = ook al (+ inversion) >>> although Noun het al >>> het heelal >>>> universe, adj/N al, alle > all [aldaar >>> see : XX daar >>> there, at that place,] Conj alhoewel >>> although, albeit Adv allebei >>> both, either, each Adv alleen >>> only, alone Adj allerlei >>> all sorts of Adv almaar >>> continuously Conj als >>> if/ whenever Prep als >>> as (+ noun), like Adv althans >>> at least (sometimes : i.e.) Adj alvast >>> beforehand, meanwhile Conj alvorens >>> before [Adv alweer >>> again ---> more common: WEER >>> again] [Adv alom >>> everywhere ---> more common: OVERAL] Adj ander, andere >>> other Adv andermaal >>> again, once again (not so common) Adv anders >>> differently/ otherwise Adv andersom >>> vice-versa, the other way round Adv anderzijds >>> on the other hand ( enerzijds) Prep behalve >>> apart from, besides, except for Adj PRO beide(n) >>> both (-n = noun) Adj bepaald(e) >>> certain, some… Prep bij >>> at, by Adv binnen &nb sp; >>> inside, within (< buiten) Adv boven &nbs p; >>> above, over ADV bovendien >>> moreover P/ buiten &nbs p; >>> apart from/ Adv buiten >>> outside [ADV buitendien >>> besides] Conj daar >>> as, there (aangezien, omdat) Pro daar >>> that (dat) before a preposition ProN daar = dat before proposition (before that > daarvoor)>>> Prep. + that (Shakespeare: thereon, therewith, ..) Adj daarbij [daarbij komt dat] >>> besides, furthermore (bovendien) daarboven >>> above that, on top of that A daarenboven >>> moreover AV daarentegen >>> conversely, on the other hand daarbuiten >>> outside of it, abroad A daardoor &nb sp; >>> because of that, as a result of that A daarginds >>> over there (pleonasm: daar = ginds) daarin >>> therein daarmee >>> with that daarnaast >>> besides A daarom >>> therefore A daarop >>> thereupon da arui t >>> from that daarvan >>> from there, from it // daaronder, daartussen, daar-… A dadelijk >>> soon, (maybe) at once, immediate, direct A dan >>> then Pro/ Conj dat >>> that A deels >>> partially A desnoods >>> if need be A destijds >>> at that time, then toen A/adj dichtbij >>> close by / nearby A dichterbij >>> closer A dikwijls >>> frequently, often ( vaak) P door >>> through, by , owing to, Conj doordat >>> because/ due to the fact that [causal] V doorgaan >>> continue Adv doorgaans >>> generally, usually, as a rule P door … heen >>> through, goes through A (als) dusdanig >>> (as) such, so A eens >>> once (upon a time: er was eens een…) Conj eens >>> as soon as Adj elk, elke >>> each, any, every (things) Pro elkaar >>> each other & nbsp; ( mekaar) A enerzijds >>> on the one hand (< anderzijds) A ergens >>> somewhere &nb sp; (<nergens) somehow, something A ergens anders >>> somewhere else P er (het before Prep.) >>> it after Prep. erbij >>> with, there erbovenop komen >>> to get well again, after some illness/deception (‘on top of it’) erna >>> after that, afterwards ernaar >>> towards it erover >>> over, across ertoe >>> to it (lit. tot het) eromheen (je kunt er niet om heen)>>> you can’t ‘go around’ it, avoid it, just admit eronderuit (je kunt er niet onderuit) >>> you must accept your responsibility (‘out from under it’) eropaan [het komt erop aan]: the main thing is ervan >>> of it, from it ervoor >>> in front of, for it, from it, before it eruit >>> out of it // ertussen, eronder, ernaast, … A ettelijke >>> several A even >>> alike, just, a bit, even Prep evenals >>> as well as &nbs p; maar ook, net als Adv eveneens >>> also, likewise, as well A evenmin >>> neither (as little as, no more than) A evenwel >>> however A evenzeer >>> also P gedurende >>> during, for A grotendeels >>> for the greater part Pro hetgeen >>> that which ProRel hetwelk >>> which Prep hetzij >>> whether, either (2) A hieraan >>> to this ) Pro hier >> dit before pronoun hierbij >>> herewith hierbuiten >>> outside here hierdoor >>> because of, through this, by doing so hiermee >>> hereby, herewith hieronder >>> below hieruit >>> from this hiervan >>> of this // hiertussen, hiernaast, … Conj hoewel >>> although, even though, however, yet Adv hoezeer >>> however much Adj ieder(e) >>> each, any (persons) Adv ietwat >>> a little Adv immers >>> certainly, after all, indeed, for, in any case P in >>> in A indertijd >>> ahead, at the time CONJ indien >>> if, in the case of A, prefix ineen >>> together (‘into one [another]’) A ineens >>> suddenly, immediately A inmiddels >>> meanwhile, by now A integendeel >>> on the contrary P inzake >>> concerning (less formal: in verband met) [P jegens >>> at, towards, with regard to] P langs >>> along, through, A/ADJ louter >>> only, merely, mere A meermaals >>> repeatedly [A meestentijds >>> mostly meestal ] Pro/Adj de meesten/ meest, het meest, >>> most/ the most: Pro mekaar >>> each other & nbsp; elkaar P met >>> with A meteen >>> at once, immediately P midden(in) >>> amidst Conj mits >>> on the condition that, only if P na >>> after P naar >>> toward, to, Adj naar >>> unpleasant, weird, … P naargelang >>> according to OR naar gelang van P naarmate >>> as, according as A waar naartoe >>> to, toward (only with ‘waar … naartoe?) P naast >>> beside, near, at/ as well as N ; de naaste >>> neighbor (relig.) P nabij >>> at, near, close A nabij, nabije >>> close, near-by Conj nadat >>> after (+ V-ing) A nader >>> further (into more detail) A naderhand >>> afterwards A nadien >>> afterwards &n bsp; daarna A nochtans >>> nevertheless, yet A nogmaals >>> again, once more, yet again (another time) A nu >>> now Conj ofschoon >>> although (more common: hoewel, alhoewel) A oftewel >>> either ... or, that is to say, i.e. P om >>> around (omstandigheid – circum-stances) Conj om (+ te + inf.) >>> in order to C omdat >>> because [motivation, free will, …] P omstreeks >>> at about P ondanks >>> despite P onder >>> under Adj/A onderling >>> mutual/mutually, together, between themselves A ondertussen >>> meanwhile A ongeveer >>> about Conj ook al (+ inversion) >>> although P op >>> on, at (on the roof, at the school) C opdat >>> so that (in order that … ?) A opeenvolgende >>> consecutive P over >>> (lit.) over, (fig.) about A/ prefix overeen- >>> crossed, to the same thing – prefix: agreement (overeenkomen, overeenstemmen, …) C qua >>> with regard to, in terms of A/ adv rechtstreeks >>> direct, directly P (adv) rond >>> round, around P rondom >>> about, around A ronduit >>> openly, frankly P sedert >>> (ever) since (+ noun) P/ Conj sinds >>> since A sindsdien >>> thereafter AdjPRO sommige >>> certain (-n = noun) A soms >>> sometimes &nb sp; [ somtijds] A sowieso (German)>>> anyhow (in any case) P tegen >>> against, (time) by N ; het tegendeel >>> opposite &nbs p; integendeel P tegen >>> against P tegenover >>> opposite, in front of, over A telkens >>> again and again, each time, Conj telkens (als) >>> whenever A temeer (omdat/ daar) >>> all the more P/ Conj tenzij >>> except/ unless, excepting if, barring that conj terwijl >>> while A tevergeefs >>> in vain &n bsp; Adj vergeefs [A thans >>> now, presently – very formal. nu] P tijdens >>> during &n bsp; [ Conj terwijl) Conj/ A toen >>> when (only past tense)/ then P tot >>> until, (after verbs) to Conj tot(dat) >>> until A totnogtoe >>> until now A trouwens >>> as a matter of fact P tussen >>> between, among A tussendoor >>> between two issues (A in-between ?) P überhaupt (German) >>> at all, generally P uit >>> from, out &nb sp; [- A/ Prep buiten] P van >>> of, from, on P vanaf >>> from … onwards (time, place) A waar vandaan >>> from (only after waar … ?) [ naartoe] A vandaar >>> from there/ which explains why, therefore (+ dat …) A ; er vandoor >>> away (only with ‘er’) P vanop >>> from, from up, from on // vanonder, van tussen, … P vanwege >>> because of, (Flanders) on behalf of A veelal >>> often (usually…) Adj vergeefs >>> useless A vervolgens >>> afterwards, next P volgens >>> according to P voor >>> for, before Conj voor >>> before A vooraf >>> in advance, a priori A vooral >>> above all, mainly, particularly, especially C vooraleer >>> before A vooralsnog >>> as yet, just yet, for the time being Adj voorbij >>> over, last, past, C voordat >>> before A voordien >>> before that, previously A voorgoed >>> definitely, for good A voorheen >>> in the past, formerly, before A voorop >>> first, ahead (op kop) A voortaan >>> hereafter, from now on [- van nu af aan] C voorzover >>> insofar PRO waarbij >>> whereby waardoor >>> how, why, whereby waarin >>> wherein waarlangs >>> along which waarmee >>> whereby waarna >>> whereupon waarom >>> why, whereupon waarvan >>> of which // waaronder, waartussen, … Conj wanneer >>> when (no past) [A we(d)erom >>> once again, once more opnieuw, weer eens A weer eens >>> once again (‘another time’) P wegens >>> because of A weldra >>> soon A zeker >>> certainly Adj een &n bsp; zekere >>> one (Mr Peabody) A zo >>> thus/ that much P/ C zoals >>> such as, just as, like A zo(danig) >>> that much zo Adj als zodanig >>> such Conj zodat >>> so that Conj zodra >>> as soon as C zolang >>> as long as [A net zomin als >>> no more than] P zonder >>> without A zowat >>> suchlike, almost, about, just A zozeer >>> so much AdjPRO zulk >>> such PRO zulks >>> such things Unfortunately I was unable to reproduce colour, italics, etc., but get in touch and I can send you the whole file... Edited by JanKG on 08 January 2011 at 9:53am 7 persons have voted this message useful | |||
| JanKG Tetraglot Senior Member Belgium Joined 5578 days ago 245 posts - 280 votes Speaks: Dutch*, English, German, French Studies: Italian, Finnish | Message 229 of 509 06 January 2011 at 11:41am | IP Logged | ||
I quite agree. You are making an interesting point at the end of the first paragraph: the meanings occur ! That is something quite interesting to me: that we focus on meanings and concepts first, and not just on words. Yes, we need a new kind of dictionary (starting from stems or concepts/ meanings)! Do you or does anyone know of a dictionary or textbook based on that ? (Roget offers some starting points, but it seems too difficult) I would not mind mentioning some of those, but then I'd try to point out how they are built, so that the students can remember... Edited by JanKG on 06 January 2011 at 11:54am 1 person has voted this message useful | |||
| Vini Diglot Newbie Brazil Joined 4919 days ago 24 posts - 22 votes Speaks: Portuguese*, English Studies: Latin, Dutch | Message 230 of 509 07 January 2011 at 11:43pm | IP Logged | ||
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Thank you guys for the lists you provided me. I'm sure they will be helpful. Edited by Vini on 07 January 2011 at 11:45pm 1 person has voted this message useful | |||
| JanKG Tetraglot Senior Member Belgium Joined 5578 days ago 245 posts - 280 votes Speaks: Dutch*, English, German, French Studies: Italian, Finnish | Message 231 of 509 08 January 2011 at 9:55am | IP Logged | ||
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Contributions are still welcome. I added a comment above(#228), an explanation in fact, and I repeat it here, because it is important to use the list well:
- is a right arrow (meaning: 'see [this word]'), whereas - < is opposition, i.e., antonym.) 1 person has voted this message useful | |||
| tommus Senior Member CanadaRegistered users can see my Skype Name Joined 5677 days ago 979 posts - 1688 votes Speaks: English* Studies: Dutch, French, Esperanto, German, Spanish | Message 232 of 509 17 January 2011 at 3:58pm | IP Logged | ||
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FAQ-NL: desalniettemin or niettemin?
Both of these words mean nevertheless or nonetheless. Are they exactly the same in meaning? Are they used in somewhat different situations? What does the 'desal' part convey to a native Dutch speaker? 1 person has voted this message useful |
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